孕期哮喘的发作：对妊娠并发症与结局的影响
2015/12/03
摘要
哮喘在孕妇中十分常见，而且孕期哮喘发作的发生率很高。这篇综述就孕期哮喘急性发作对妊娠相关并发症的影响进行了概述。大多数已经发表的回顾性研究显示：孕期哮喘的发作会增加先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病、胎盘早剥和前置胎盘的风险。此外，这些妇女出现胎儿臀先露、出血、肺栓塞、剖腹产、母亲进入重症监护病房以及延长产后住院时间的风险也都会增高。哮喘与胎儿宫内发育迟缓、小于胎龄儿、低体重儿、婴儿低血糖以及早产风险增高也有关系，但是有更多最近发表的前瞻性研究并没有发现关于哮喘与这些结局的明显关系。总的来说，孕期哮喘的发作与妊娠并发症和分娩都有相关性。预防哮喘的发作从而降低并发症的风险以及不良的结局是非常必要的。
（杨冬 审校）
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015 Oct 14:1-7. [Epub ahead of print]
Exacerbations of asthma during pregnancy: Impact on pregnancy complications and outcome.
Ali Z1, Hansen AV1, Ulrik CS1,2.
Abstract
Asthma is common among pregnant women, and the incidence of asthma exacerbations during pregnancy is high. This literature review provides an overview of the impact of exacerbations of asthma during pregnancy on pregnancy-related complications. The majority of published retrospective studies reveal that asthma exacerbations during pregnancy increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, placental abruption and placenta praevia. Furthermore, these women also have higher risk for breech presentation, haemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, caesarean delivery, maternal admission to the intensive care unit and longer postpartum hospital stay. Asthma has been associated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation, small-for-gestational age, low birth weight, infant hypoglycaemia and preterm birth, but more recent prospective studies have not revealed significant associations with regard to these outcomes. In conclusion, asthma exacerbations during pregnancy are associated with complications of pregnancy, labour and delivery. Prevention of exacerbations is essential to reduce the risk of complications and poor outcome.
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015 Oct 14:1-7. [Epub ahead of print]
