学校空气质量与儿童干咳、鼻炎和鼻塞有关
2010/08/20
关键词：二氧化碳；室内空气污染；颗粒；呼吸；鼻腔测量法
在欧洲学校室内空气质量控制（Controls for indoor air quality, IAQ）并未广泛开展。为了评价IAQ对学龄儿童呼吸健康的影响，挪威、瑞典、丹麦、法国和意大利等国学者联合进行了一项由欧盟资助的跨区研究——校园环境健康影响（Health Effects of School Environment，HESE）研究。
研究监测教室正常活动时可吸入颗粒 (PM10)和CO2 水平，统计654名10岁儿童的喘息、夜间干咳和鼻炎情况，并对193名儿童进行声波鼻腔测定。
研究发现，室内空气条件超过良好空气标准（PM10 >50 µg·m–3 和CO2 >1,000 ppm）的儿童分别占78%和66%。通风不良的教室中的儿童更易出现呼吸疾病。学龄儿童接触CO2 水平>1,000 ppm时，其发生干咳(OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.65–5.44)、鼻炎(OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.14–3.73)的危险明显升高。而双水平分层分析显示，CO2 升高与干咳(OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.13) 和鼻炎(OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11)显著相关。PM10 >50 µg·m–3的室内环境中儿童的鼻容积明显低于空气PM10较少的室内环境中的儿童。
研究发现，欧洲教室中的IAQ较差，这可能与学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病有关，并影响儿童的鼻容量。
研究监测教室正常活动时可吸入颗粒 (PM10)和CO2 水平，统计654名10岁儿童的喘息、夜间干咳和鼻炎情况，并对193名儿童进行声波鼻腔测定。
研究发现，室内空气条件超过良好空气标准（PM10 >50 µg·m–3 和CO2 >1,000 ppm）的儿童分别占78%和66%。通风不良的教室中的儿童更易出现呼吸疾病。学龄儿童接触CO2 水平>1,000 ppm时，其发生干咳(OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.65–5.44)、鼻炎(OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.14–3.73)的危险明显升高。而双水平分层分析显示，CO2 升高与干咳(OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.13) 和鼻炎(OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11)显著相关。PM10 >50 µg·m–3的室内环境中儿童的鼻容积明显低于空气PM10较少的室内环境中的儿童。
研究发现，欧洲教室中的IAQ较差，这可能与学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病有关，并影响儿童的鼻容量。
（韩伟 青岛大学附属青岛市立医院东院 266071 摘译）
（Eur Respir J 2010; 35:742-749）
（Eur Respir J 2010; 35:742-749）
School air quality related to dry cough, rhinitis and nasal patency in children
M. Simoni1, I. Annesi-Maesano2, T. Sigsgaard3, D. Norback4, G. Wieslander4, W. Nystad5, M. Canciani6, P. Sestini7 and G. Viegi1,8
Keywords: Carbon dioxide, indoor air pollution, particles, respiratory, rhinometry, schoolchildren
Controls for indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools are not usually performed throughout Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of IAQ on respiratory health of schoolchildren living in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, France and Italy.
In the cross-sectional European Union-funded HESE (Health Effects of School Environment) Study, particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm (PM10) and CO2 levels in a day of normal activity (full classroom) were related to wheezing, dry cough at night and rhinitis in 654 children (10 yrs) and to acoustic rhinometry in 193 children.
Schoolchildren exposed to PM10 >50 µg·m–3 and CO2 >1,000 ppm (standards for good IAQ) were 78% and 66%, respectively. All disorders were more prevalent in children from poorly ventilated classrooms. Schoolchildren exposed to CO2 levels >1,000 ppm showed a significantly higher risk for dry cough (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.65–5.44) and rhinitis (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.14–3.73). By two-level (child, classroom) hierarchical analyses, CO2 was significantly associated with dry cough (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.13 per 100 ppm increment) and rhinitis (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11). Nasal patency was significantly lower in schoolchildren exposed to PM10 >50 µg·m–3 than in those exposed to lower levels.
A poor IAQ is frequent in European classrooms; it is related to respiratory disturbances and affects nasal patency.
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