游泳与哮喘：游泳运动员中与呼吸道症状相关的因素
2010/08/11
背景：对哮喘患者推荐进行游泳锻炼。但一些游泳运动员却报告出现哮喘症状。一些研究显示，游泳环境是过敏性疾病和哮喘症状的一个触发因素。但是更多的研究则显示，游泳适合于过敏症和哮喘患者。首先在芬兰的一些有经验的游泳运动员中进行了对影响呼吸道症状相关的潜在因素的研究。试验首先研究了这些游泳运动员中哮喘、过敏症和主诉的哮喘症状的发病率，而后研究了主诉的症状与一些主要触发因素之间的相关性：病史、环境和运动强度。
患者与方法：芬兰游泳协会有4578名注册游泳运动员，选取其中热门选手332名，要求这些游泳运动员完成有关病史、游泳背景、游泳环境和不同游泳强度下的呼吸道症状问卷调查。200名有经验的游泳运动员完成问卷调查，其中有107名女性和93名男性，平均年龄为18.5岁（SD＝3），平均游泳时间9年（SD＝3.8）。
结果：32名（16%）游泳运动员存在医生诊断的哮喘，其中24名为运动诱发的哮喘。81名（41%）运动员存在医生诊断的过敏症。84名（42%）患者主诉游泳时存在哮喘症状。大多数症状出现于游泳速度超过乳酸/无氧阈值相对应的速度时。哮喘家族史是哮喘重要的危险因素。
结论：游泳运动员中的哮喘发病率高于普通人群，但与其他耐力运动员无显著差异。哮喘家族史和游泳强度增加与哮喘症状显著相关。
（陈欣 审校）
Clin Respir J. 2010 Apr;4(2):97-103.
Swimming and asthma: factors underlying respiratory symptoms in competitive swimmers.
Päivinen MK, Keskinen KL, Tikkanen HO.
Unit for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. marja.paivinen@hula.fi
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Swimming is recommended for asthmatics. However, many competitive swimmers report asthmatic symptoms. While some studies identify the swimming environment as a trigger for allergy and asthmatic symptoms, even more studies suggest swimming to be suitable for people with allergies and asthma. The factors behind the symptoms were studied first by determining the prevalence of asthma, allergy and self-reported asthmatic symptoms in experienced Finnish swimmers and then by examining the relationships between the reported symptoms and the main triggering factors: medical history, environment and exercise intensity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Top swimmers (n = 332) of the Finnish Swimming Association registry (N = 4578) were asked to complete a structured questionnaire on their medical history, swimming background, swimming environment and symptoms in different swimming intensities. Two hundred experienced swimmers, 107 females and 93 males, with an average age of 18.5 [standard deviation (SD) = 3.0] years and a swimming training history of 9 (SD = 3.8) years completed the questionnaire.
RESULTS: Physician-diagnosed asthma was reported by 32 swimmers (16%), including 24 (12%) with exercise-induced asthma. Physician-diagnosed allergy was reported by 81 (41%) swimmers. Asthmatic symptoms during swimming were described by 84 subjects (42%). Most symptoms occurred when swimming exceeded speeds corresponding to the lactic/anaerobic threshold. Family history of asthma was significant and the most important risk factor for asthmatic symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma in swimmers was higher than in the general population but not different from that in other endurance athletes. Family history of asthma and increased swimming intensity had the strongest associations with the reported asthmatic symptoms.
Clin Respir J. 2010 Apr;4(2):97-103.
患者与方法：芬兰游泳协会有4578名注册游泳运动员，选取其中热门选手332名，要求这些游泳运动员完成有关病史、游泳背景、游泳环境和不同游泳强度下的呼吸道症状问卷调查。200名有经验的游泳运动员完成问卷调查，其中有107名女性和93名男性，平均年龄为18.5岁（SD＝3），平均游泳时间9年（SD＝3.8）。
结果：32名（16%）游泳运动员存在医生诊断的哮喘，其中24名为运动诱发的哮喘。81名（41%）运动员存在医生诊断的过敏症。84名（42%）患者主诉游泳时存在哮喘症状。大多数症状出现于游泳速度超过乳酸/无氧阈值相对应的速度时。哮喘家族史是哮喘重要的危险因素。
结论：游泳运动员中的哮喘发病率高于普通人群，但与其他耐力运动员无显著差异。哮喘家族史和游泳强度增加与哮喘症状显著相关。
（陈欣 审校）
Clin Respir J. 2010 Apr;4(2):97-103.
Swimming and asthma: factors underlying respiratory symptoms in competitive swimmers.
Päivinen MK, Keskinen KL, Tikkanen HO.
Unit for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. marja.paivinen@hula.fi
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Swimming is recommended for asthmatics. However, many competitive swimmers report asthmatic symptoms. While some studies identify the swimming environment as a trigger for allergy and asthmatic symptoms, even more studies suggest swimming to be suitable for people with allergies and asthma. The factors behind the symptoms were studied first by determining the prevalence of asthma, allergy and self-reported asthmatic symptoms in experienced Finnish swimmers and then by examining the relationships between the reported symptoms and the main triggering factors: medical history, environment and exercise intensity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Top swimmers (n = 332) of the Finnish Swimming Association registry (N = 4578) were asked to complete a structured questionnaire on their medical history, swimming background, swimming environment and symptoms in different swimming intensities. Two hundred experienced swimmers, 107 females and 93 males, with an average age of 18.5 [standard deviation (SD) = 3.0] years and a swimming training history of 9 (SD = 3.8) years completed the questionnaire.
RESULTS: Physician-diagnosed asthma was reported by 32 swimmers (16%), including 24 (12%) with exercise-induced asthma. Physician-diagnosed allergy was reported by 81 (41%) swimmers. Asthmatic symptoms during swimming were described by 84 subjects (42%). Most symptoms occurred when swimming exceeded speeds corresponding to the lactic/anaerobic threshold. Family history of asthma was significant and the most important risk factor for asthmatic symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma in swimmers was higher than in the general population but not different from that in other endurance athletes. Family history of asthma and increased swimming intensity had the strongest associations with the reported asthmatic symptoms.
Clin Respir J. 2010 Apr;4(2):97-103.
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成人哮喘发病率与低社会经济水平相关
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